Naraya Vision

Introduction

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disease with a high impact on disability in many countries. Globally, there were approximately 25.7 million stroke cases in 2013, 6.5 million stroke-related deaths, 113 million stroke-related disabilities, and 10.3 million newly diagnosed stroke cases. The majority of stroke cases occur in developing countries, with 75.2% of all stroke-related deaths and 81.0% of cases involving lifelong disabilities [1-2]. In the Asian region, there is a serious problem with stroke, which accounts for over 60% of the world's population, and many of these countries are developing economies [3-4]. According to data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health's Riskesdas, the prevalence of stroke increased to 12.1% of cases per 1,000 people in 2013 from an estimated 8.3% in 2007. These data indicate that stroke is a worsening condition over the years and is the leading cause of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). Stroke can occur in all age groups, with the majority of cases occurring in individuals over the age of 55. However, in the younger age group, the stroke rate among those aged between 15 and 24 is approximately 0.3%, which has negative impacts on social and economic conditions due to associated disabilities [5-6].

The risk factors for stroke in Indonesia include coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and heart failure. These signs can be observed when sudden complaints of paralysis on one side of the body or paralysis on one side of the body accompanied by tingling or numbness on one side of the body or the mouth becomes crooked without muscle paralysis, difficulty speaking/communicating, and/or not understanding speech. It is important to receive an accurate diagnosis before stroke treatment because the type of stroke that occurs determines the treatment that will be given [7-8]. The treatment for ischemic stroke differs from hemorrhagic stroke. Stroke diagnosis can also be made through clinical examinations, which involve identifying suspicious symptoms, gathering information about the patient and their family, consulting with a physical doctor and a neurologist, and understanding the necessary diagnostic test results. Diagnostic tests examine why something is not visible, functioning, and producing benefits. The two categories for these tests are vascular imaging tests and blood flow tests. Early determination of stroke pathology type is crucial for the acceptance of medication, therapy, and care to prevent more fatal impacts. The main diagnostic procedure for stroke diagnosis (Gold Standard) uses diagnostic imaging tests such as Computed Tomography (CT) scans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and electrocardiograms (EKG or ECG). Vascular imaging tests have reports or images that need to be thoroughly examined by a radiologist, so when making a diagnosis, there is a need for expertise in diagnosing based on the report or image. A radiologist with extensive experience and importance in stroke patient management will be able to predict patient outcomes by understanding the brain's vascular anatomy, clinical manifestations, and radiological images.

On the other hand, the demand for CT scans can also be excessive and incur significant healthcare costs, especially in cases that do not actually require CT scans. Therefore, technology is needed to facilitate CT scan requests and reduce healthcare costs. The use of computer vision technology in the field of healthcare is currently advancing rapidly and promising significant potential in improving efficiency and accuracy in diagnosis and patient care. Therefore, research by Naraya Vision, as an example of the application of computer vision technology with vision transformers in the healthcare field, can provide new insights into the potential of this technology. By conducting Naraya Vision research, it is hoped that significant solutions and benefits can be provided to patients and healthcare professionals, as well as improving overall healthcare quality.

Problem

How effective is Naraya Vision in accelerating the diagnosis time and improving the accuracy of stroke diagnosis from CT scan results?
How effective is Naraya Vision in facilitating the demand for CT scans?
What is the impact of Naraya Vision on the efficiency of the diagnosis and patient management process, such as healthcare professionals' productivity, patient waiting time, and healthcare costs?
How high is patient satisfaction with the quality of healthcare services provided with the presence of Naraya Vision?
How can Naraya Vision contribute to the development of better healthcare technology in the future?

Competitor

Alodokter Alodokter is an online healthcare platform in Indonesia that provides medical information, consultation services with doctors, and appointment booking with doctors through their application or website.
Satu Sehat Satu Sehat is one of the ways the Ministry of Health integrates patient medical records data from healthcare facilities into a single platform called Indonesia Health Services. This platform is the embodiment of the sixth pillar of healthcare system transformation, which is the transformation of healthcare technology.
PACS (Picture Archiving Communication System) A digital medical image management system used by healthcare institutions such as hospitals, clinics, and other medical centers to store, process, and retrieve medical images, such as radiographs, CT scans, MRIs, and ultrasounds, electronically.
RIS (Radiology Information System) A data and information management system designed specifically to support the operations of the radiology department in healthcare institutions. RIS is used to manage patient data, patient scheduling data, and other administrative data related to the radiology department. RIS can also assist in managing radiology images, such as capturing radiology images, reporting examination results, and archiving radiology images.
SIMRS (Sistem Informasi Rumah Sakit) An integrated information system prepared to handle the overall management process of a hospital, including diagnostic services and treatments for patients, medical records, pharmacy, pharmaceutical warehouse. SIMRS also handles the computerized systems of the hospital, including computer networks/internet systems, websites, billing systems for patient services, and computer/printer maintenance..

Compared to other existing innovations or products, Naraya Vision has several advantages such as: (1) The ability to perform automatic classification using Vision Transformer technology, (2) Utilizing data that can be integrated with various application platforms, (3) Providing recommendations for the nearest location to the patient, (4) Online submission for CT scan requests can be done.

Objective

Evaluating the effectiveness of Naraya Vision in accelerating the diagnosis time and improving the accuracy of stroke diagnosis from CT scan results.
Evaluating the effectiveness of Naraya Vision in facilitating the demand for CT scans.
Evaluating the impact of Naraya Vision on the efficiency of the diagnosis and patient management process.
Evaluating patient satisfaction with the quality of healthcare services provided with the presence of Naraya Vision.

Benefit

Providing scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of Naraya Vision in accelerating the diagnosis time and improving the accuracy of stroke diagnosis from CT scan results.
Providing scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of Naraya Vision in facilitating the demand for CT scans.
Providing scientific evidence regarding the impact of Naraya Vision on the efficiency of the diagnosis and patient management process.
Providing scientific evidence regarding patient satisfaction with the quality of healthcare services provided with the presence of Naraya Vision.
Increasing public awareness and understanding of rapidly developing healthcare technology.

References

Cardiovascular diseases (no date) World Health Organization. World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases/ (Accessed: April 30, 2023).

Global stroke fact sheet - WSO | world stroke organization (no date). Available at: https://www.world-stroke.org/assets/downloads/WSO_Global_Stroke_Fact_Sheet.pdf (Accessed: April 30, 2023).

Leasure, A.C. et al. (2022) “Abstract 103: Burden of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke across the US from 1990-2019: A global burden of disease study,” Stroke, 53(Suppl_1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1161/str.53.suppl_1.103.

Venketasubramanian, N. et al. (2018) “Stroke epidemiology in south, east, and south-East Asia: A Review,” Journal of Stroke, 20(1), pp. 142–142. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5853/jos.2017.00234.e1.

Pusat Data Dan informasi - Kementerian Kesehatan republik Indonesia (no date). Available at: https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/resources/download/general/Hasil%20Riskesdas%202013.pdf (Accessed: April 30, 2023).

User, S. (no date) Tahun 2018. Available at: https://labmandat.litbang.kemkes.go.id/riset-badan-litbangkes/menu-riskesnas/menu-riskesdas/426-rkd-2018 (Accessed: April 30, 2023).

Ghani, L., Mihardja, L.K. and Delima, D. (2016) “Faktor Risiko Dominan Penderita stroke di Indonesia,” Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, 44(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.22435/bpk.v44i1.4949.49-58.

Ma'ruf, J., Hidayatullah, F., & Prasetyo, Y. (2022). Deteksi Covid-19 dari Citra X-ray menggunakan Vision Transformer. Jurnal Pengembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer, 6(8), 9099-9109.