surgical planning is hard, and it hasn't changed for 40 years. surgeon spends a great deal of time preparing for surgeries, Analyzing a set of 2D images on a monitor is the method that has been used since the beginning, an expert surgeon looks at a stack of images, mentally creates a 3D patient in order to plan the surgery. There is a high margin of error since it relies on the surgeon's past experience. In recent years, 3D printed models have also been created to help surgeons to plan some difficult cases. However that requires a radiologist to identifying the problem area, clean up the image, give that to someone who can create a 3D model, after that it requires a 3D printer that may cost upwards of $100,000, and takes a significant amount of time to produce the 3D model, the whole process takes more than 2 weeks before the surgeon can start the planning. In reality, many patients may not have that long to wait, or insurance willing to pay for it. It is estimated that over loss of productivity in premature death in the US Healthcare system is over $137 billion a year.
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