Aqua Filter

Inspiration

Witnessing the large number of people around the world who lack access to clean drinking water inspired us to create AquaFilter. Learning more about the serious health risks caused by contaminated water, especially preventable diseases, prompted us to work as a team in order to develop a simple, affordable, and scalable solution that could make a real impact.

What it does

AquaFilter is a passive water treatment device that cleans dirty water using a combination of microfiltration and biofilm-based biological treatment. It will remove suspended dirt, particles, and many harmful microorganisms as the water slowly passes through the porous structure. The ceramic foam will physically trap contaminants, while the biofilm layer (created by aerobic bacteria) breaks down organic waste and reduces the pathogens over time. It works without electricity as it uses natural water movement and gravity in the bucket to create a flow. Additionally, it can be paired with sunlight in order to create a stronger convection effect, allowing for quicker water movement and filtration. AquaFilter is a cheap and safe way for households in low-resource or economically disadvantaged environments.

How we built it

We designed AquaFilter as a floating, bucket-based system using a cylindrical outer frame made out of recycled polypropylene for durability and low cost. Additionally, we placed a cylindrical ceramic foam core inside the frame, acting as the main filtration mechanism. We selected ceramic foam for its porous surface, which allows water to pass through while trapping contaminants at the same time. A floating device and a mesh opening on the top allowed oxygen to pass through, while creating a floating environment that favors beneficial aerobic bacteria. The final design was assembled to ensure the passive flow of water through the system without electricity or external force.

Challenges we ran into

One of the main challenges we faced was the lack of exact data for a system that combines biofilm and ceramic microfiltration in the way that we did. Most existing studies focus on ceramic and biofilm filtration independently. Because of this, we had to rely on performance data from ceramic filers and biofilm systems that worked independently. Moreover, predicting the efficiency of our system is difficult because factors such as water quality, flow rate, and biofilm development can vary widely when put into practice. So as a result, our estimates are based on established frameworks from similar systems rather than direct measurements of AquaFilter itself.

Accomplishments that we're proud of

We are proud that we successfully designed a fully passive water filtration system that combines biofilm-based treatment and ceramic microfiltration in a one simple low cost structure. We developed a working prototype concept that can operate without electricity, which makes it suitable for rural communities. We were able to use data from existing systems to estimate the performance of our new system. We have created a design that is scalable and able to be mass-produced using inexpensive recycled materials. We built a solution that addresses a real global issue (lack of clean drinking water and transmission of communicable diseases) in an affordable way.

What we learned

We learned how water filters actually work by studying how ceramic materials physically trap dirt, bacteria, and other particles through tiny pores. We also learned how biofilms form and how beneficial microorganisms can break down organic waste and help remove harmful pathogens over time. Through this, we have understood that by combining biological processes and physical filtration, we can make water treatment more effective, cheap, and scalable. Overall, we learned how engineering and biology can work together in order to address the water crisis and create solutions that can improve global health.

What's next for Aqua Filter

The next phase of AquaFilter’s development would be focused on improving performance, transport, and reliability. Through testing and optimization of the biofilm layer and ceramic foam, AquaFilter aims to maximize the effectiveness of the purification process while also reducing the possibility of health risks that could be encountered. Future iterations will also utilize enhanced filtration systems; for example, improved sediment removal prior to bacterial treatment is a major pathway and can be implemented through either internal or external systems. In addition, AquaFilter will continue refining its design to function effectively across the diverse environmental conditions that millions encounter, such as variations in temperature and water quality. We also plan to develop multiple size variations of AquaFilter to fit different bucket diameters, increasing its adaptability for use in a wide range of household containers. As newer models are developed, AquaFilter will pursue partnerships with local organizations in rural communities to ensure equal access and reliable distribution.